Morningstar’s 2023: Voice of The Asset Owner survey synthesized data from global asset owners about environmental, social and governance investment issues and how their perceptions influence their thinking and decisionmaking.
The second annual survey probed asset owners to deliver quantitative data about ESG considerations and investment strategies. The report, written by Tom Kuh, head of ESG strategy at Morningstar Indexes, and Arnold Gast, ESG director at Morningstar Sustainalytics, is a follow-up to July’s qualitative insights survey.
The research pointed to increasing integration of ESG factors into institutional investment policies and practices, especially as ESG standards and metrics are included in global regulatory frameworks.
“At some point in the future, I expect that what we now call ESG will be a standard part of investment analysis,” Kuh said via a spokesperson. “The label itself may diminish in importance and simply be standard practice. We also might anticipate that as companies integrate ESG into their management strategies and business models, higher ESG standards would be reflected in broad market benchmarks. Regulation is a driving factor for asset owners because it requires consideration of, and reporting about, ESG policies and practices. As these standards and practices become embedded in the global regulatory frameworks, ESG will simply be woven into the fabric of mainstream finance.”
The report’s authors also noted that sustainable investing is complex and diverse. Although there are challenges across the field, they concluded that a majority of asset owners seek to accomplish sustainable investing.
The survey comes at a time when ESG investing is intertwined with local and national politics. Some U.S. states are trying to limit ESG considerations from investing, while the EU and California have increased certain ESG-related disclosure requirements.
Morningstar surveyed 500 asset owners who oversee $10.7 trillion in assets. Out of those surveyed, 100 respondents came from North America, while 200 respondents each came from Europe and Asia.
More than 60% of funds interviewed have more than $1 billion in assets under management. Of those included, 22% were pension funds, 21% were insurance general accounts, 18% were outsourced CIOs and 17% were family offices.
Net Zero, DEI Are Top ESG Issues
More than 50% of survey respondents said trying to achieve net zero greenhouse gas emissions is important to investment decisions. Other environmental issues highlighted include energy management, which 40% said is an issue material to their portfolio. Sustainable food/agriculture came in at slightly less than 40%, water and wastewater management at slightly less than 35%, and waste and hazardous materials management at slightly more than 30%.
In the social category, diversity and inclusion were the most important issue, with more than 55% of fund managers saying it is an important issue. Other important issues included customer privacy and data security (more than 45%); human rights (linked with community relations in the survey question) (almost 40%); product quality and safety (almost 40%); and labor practices, including employee health (35%).
In governance, risk management was the most important issue to asset owners, with slightly more than 40% of those surveyed saying it was important. Of other major issues, business ethics and management of the legal and regulatory environment (40%) was emphasized by more respondents than either incentives for management to meet climate goals or compensation, each of which drew fewer than 35% of responses.
Barriers to Pursuing ESG
According to Morningstar’s July qualitative survey, political polarization is one reason U.S. asset owners lag behind European and Asian peers when it comes to investing based on ESG principles. Results of Morningstar’s quant report confirmed the geographic split, with 36% of North American funds applying ESG principles to their investments, while 46% of European funds and 41% of Asia Pacific funds did.
In the Asia Pacific region, client/stakeholder reluctance was the largest factor given by funds in that region not considering ESG factors.
Worldwide, however, the report ranked the major barriers to pursuing an ESG investment strategy, and impact on returns was the most common barrier to ESG investing, cited by slightly less than 40% of respondents. The lack of available products was cited by more than 30% of respondents, and client and shareholder reluctance was cited by a similar share.
Two different questions about data elicited very different responses than in the prior year’s survey. This year, nearly 30% of asset owners surveyed said a lack of standardized data was a barrier to pursuing an ESG strategy, nearly double the 15% that said so in 2022. Unreliable or out-of-date data also was an issue for roughly 30% of funds in this year’s survey, again nearly doubling responses from 2022.
Regulation was also considered a barrier to pursuing ESG strategy by nearly 30% of surveyed asset owners, up from 20% in 2022.
The “regulatory environment is complicated for asset owners,” Kuh said. “In some cases, regulation is a rationale for considering ESG factors, and 54% of asset owners say they have helped bring clarity to definitions and standards. On the other hand, asset owners find some regulations confusing or unclear, particularly when they are subject to regulatory regimes in multiple jurisdictions.”
Greenwashing Remains an Issue
Asset owners reported greenwashing to be less of a problem, albeit slightly, than in the prior year’s survey: 15% of respondents said greenwashing is not a problem, up from 11% in 2022. That was dwarfed by the respondents who continue to list greenwashing as some level of problem: 29% of surveyed funds termed greenwashing a minor problem, 36% found it moderate and 19% deemed it major. In 2022, the results were 26% minor, 38% moderate and 23% major.
More than 25% of those surveyed said more transparency can help address greenwashing, 20% responded that more or stronger regulation would help address the issue, and 15% called for stronger enforcement of current regulations, down from roughly 17.5% last year. Better business ethics (15%) and pressure from asset owners (less than 10%, down slightly from more than 10% last year) were also included.
ESG Tools Improving
According to the survey, 63% of asset owners said ESG data, ratings, indexes and other tools have gotten somewhat or a lot better over the past five years, 22% said they are about the same, and 13% said they have gotten worse.
However, 48% of funds responded that they would like to have more accurate data, 42% said they would like to have more timely data, more than 40% said they want more objective data, and more than 35% of funds said they want more complete data and more standardized reporting.
Nearly 40% of funds said international standard-setting bodies are responsible for improving ESG tools. Roughly 35% said this is the role of ratings agencies, and a similar figure said governments are responsible. Slightly more than 30% of funds responded that specialized data providers, index providers and the markets are responsible for improving ESG data, ratings, indexes and tools. Nearly 20% said nongovernmental organizations are responsible, and roughly 15% said academics.
Artificial Intelligence Takes Spotlight
A large majority of asset owners reported that the role artificial intelligence will increase in conducting data collection, ESG analysis, portfolio construction and index creation over the next five years, with 70% anticipating increased adoption for data collection, 17% unsure and 10% predicting AI will not evolve significantly in this role.
For ESG analysis, 67% of surveyed asset owners said AI use will increase. For portfolio construction, 55% said AI use will increase. Finally, 56% of those surveyed said AI use will increase in the use of index creation.
Tags: Arnold Gast, ESG, Morningstar, Morningstar Indexes, Morningstar Sustainalytics, Thomas Kuh